Propagandander
Sunday, August 19, 2012
One of my major points is that propaganda heavily uses dichotomies and narratives. This picture shows both.
For most of the 20th centuries, many Americans looked at China with either condescension or contempt. It was a backwards land, and the idea of it even competing with America was ridiculous. Now, within the past ten years or so, we have the myth of China as technical super-marvel, with children who are uniformly brilliant, churning out technical marvels and high tech wizardry. Meanwhile, America is an underdeveloped country.
Like most narratives and dichotomies, it isn't true, the truth is somewhere inbetween. China was never as backwards as American arrogance had it, and it is not as space-age as our fears would have it. The pictures taken here are a good example: a very new looking Chinese train, coupled with an old looking American train.
I am not an expert on Chinese rail transport, but I did look it up on wikipedia and see that only 10% of China's rail network is suitable for high speed trains. When you compare the top 10 or 30% of China's accomplishments with the bottom 10 or 30% of America's accomplishments, we look pretty bad. Go and ride a passenger train in rural Hunan province, and we might start looking better.
Tuesday, July 31, 2012
Anti-Gun control seems to be a big well spring of bad sloganeering lately.
BTW, if anyone knows any bad Pro-Gun Control propaganda, I would be more than willing to critique it.
It is true that criminals don't obey gun laws. They are part of a subset of other laws that criminals don't obey, which is ALL OF THEM. That is kind of why they are criminals. So the easily facile response to this is "Criminals don't obey murder laws!"
Besides there is a difference. A gun is an instrumentality. It can be used for criminal purposes, or for non-criminal purposes. So in a society where guns are outlawed, criminals, who are willing to break the law, would have the ability to pursue further criminal ends, while law-abiding citizens wouldn't have the means to pursue self-defense.
Besides, of course, there is a thing about that "OBEY THE LAW" thing. Laws aren't always enforced because people choose to obey them. They are enforced because they have enforcement. In a society where guns were truly not available, criminals wouldn't have access to guns, no matter how much they clicked their heels together.
So one of the hidden premises in this phrase is that guns will always, be, de facto, available, and that their legal status will not stop criminals from accessing them.
Which is actually a pretty good argument. But that nuance is left out of the bumper sticker version because, well, honestly, [redacted].
BTW, if anyone knows any bad Pro-Gun Control propaganda, I would be more than willing to critique it.
It is true that criminals don't obey gun laws. They are part of a subset of other laws that criminals don't obey, which is ALL OF THEM. That is kind of why they are criminals. So the easily facile response to this is "Criminals don't obey murder laws!"
Besides there is a difference. A gun is an instrumentality. It can be used for criminal purposes, or for non-criminal purposes. So in a society where guns are outlawed, criminals, who are willing to break the law, would have the ability to pursue further criminal ends, while law-abiding citizens wouldn't have the means to pursue self-defense.
Besides, of course, there is a thing about that "OBEY THE LAW" thing. Laws aren't always enforced because people choose to obey them. They are enforced because they have enforcement. In a society where guns were truly not available, criminals wouldn't have access to guns, no matter how much they clicked their heels together.
So one of the hidden premises in this phrase is that guns will always, be, de facto, available, and that their legal status will not stop criminals from accessing them.
Which is actually a pretty good argument. But that nuance is left out of the bumper sticker version because, well, honestly, [redacted].
Monday, July 30, 2012
I haven't yet found a good metaphor for guns and their legality. Automobiles seem to be a favorite.
We could actually break this down into an equation:
Cars+Alcohol=Drunk Driving
Guns+Criminality=Gun Crimes
Which makes sense sense, although it fails on two major counts. One, alcohol is itself a product that is regulated, fairly heavily. "Criminality", or however else we want to measure what turns the controller of a gun into a criminal, is a more amorphous thing.
Secondly, while automobiles do have dangers, they also have a use that is different than the use of a gun. An automobile is used to get places. It can also kill people. A gun's primary use, however, is violence.
Thirdly...the words "sober people". Gun control would be more like making it harder for EVERYONE to own cars.
Again, I am not stupid enough to state an argument for gun control. All I am saying is that argument by metaphor and analogy is one of the weaker forms of argument.
Thursday, July 26, 2012
I am likely to believe in parts of this. Even without sources, it tells a story that I can believe.
However, there is a big question that I would ask, about whether things are quite as lopsided as this would indicate.
What are the sizes of the companies in these various countries? And do each of them have the same criteria for what makes a company? If Great Britain has laws that make it easier for smaller companies to incorporate, there could be dozens of small companies to every big one in the US, drawing the average down. I could question the data many other ways like this. So while this might be true, I don't know exactly how the data would be determined.
Wednesday, July 18, 2012
I don't know for sure, but having seen lots of maps like this, I have noticed that the choice of colors might be used to convey a message. Red colors seem to be used to convey policies or conditions that are irrational or undesirable, while blue is used to convey rational or desirable conditions.
Other than that (possibly paranoid) guess, this seems to be fairly straightforward and useful in its presentation.
Thursday, July 12, 2012
Here we have another example of two of the things propaganda does best: narrative and dichotomy. The narrative of "American Exceptionalism" is that the United States is a country with unique freedoms, history, and economic and cultural achievements. The counter-narrative is that Americans are big fat violent idiots.
Another problem is cardinal ratings. To use an example that isn't on here, the United States has the 35th highest life expectancy in the world. Which sounds pretty bad, but when put in terms of actual numbers, the US's raw number 77.71 years (77 years and 9 months) is not that far below the top nation (Japan, with 82.08 years (82 years and a month). On a bar graph, the distance between #5, Australia, 80 years, 7 months, #15 New Zealand 79 years, 7 months and #25 Great Britain (78 years, and 50 weeks) would look almost indistinguishable, especially compared to the dramatic differences in their cardinal rankings.
(http://www.nationmaster.com/graph/hea_lif_exp_at_bir_tot_yea-life-expectancy-birth-total-years), btw
But back to the stats they did mention: they chose 9. Which allows for the cherry picking of data. Also, some of the things they collected seemed rather...dissimilar. I don't think teen pregnancy is the same as rape.
But much more simpler, lets look at some of those stats. Actually, lets just look at one of them because life is short. I actually couldn't find data for "heart attacks", but I did find data for "heart disease deaths" in 26 developed country, again on the very useful nationmaster.com. On this graph, the US is at #13. In terms of numbers, the US has 106.5 heart disease deaths per 100,000 people, significantly less than Slovakia at 216 per, significantly more than Japan at 30 per, and almost the same as Germany at 106.1 per.
If you actually look through statistics, there is not a lot of support for theories of American exceptionalism either for the bad or for the good. The US statistically usually rates about the same as other developed countries, sometimes a bit better, sometimes a bit worse. Usually spinning the numbers into a narrative requires a) cherry picking data and/or b) using cardinal rankings to turn what might be a small discrepancy into a horse race.
Another problem is cardinal ratings. To use an example that isn't on here, the United States has the 35th highest life expectancy in the world. Which sounds pretty bad, but when put in terms of actual numbers, the US's raw number 77.71 years (77 years and 9 months) is not that far below the top nation (Japan, with 82.08 years (82 years and a month). On a bar graph, the distance between #5, Australia, 80 years, 7 months, #15 New Zealand 79 years, 7 months and #25 Great Britain (78 years, and 50 weeks) would look almost indistinguishable, especially compared to the dramatic differences in their cardinal rankings.
(http://www.nationmaster.com/graph/hea_lif_exp_at_bir_tot_yea-life-expectancy-birth-total-years), btw
But back to the stats they did mention: they chose 9. Which allows for the cherry picking of data. Also, some of the things they collected seemed rather...dissimilar. I don't think teen pregnancy is the same as rape.
But much more simpler, lets look at some of those stats. Actually, lets just look at one of them because life is short. I actually couldn't find data for "heart attacks", but I did find data for "heart disease deaths" in 26 developed country, again on the very useful nationmaster.com. On this graph, the US is at #13. In terms of numbers, the US has 106.5 heart disease deaths per 100,000 people, significantly less than Slovakia at 216 per, significantly more than Japan at 30 per, and almost the same as Germany at 106.1 per.
If you actually look through statistics, there is not a lot of support for theories of American exceptionalism either for the bad or for the good. The US statistically usually rates about the same as other developed countries, sometimes a bit better, sometimes a bit worse. Usually spinning the numbers into a narrative requires a) cherry picking data and/or b) using cardinal rankings to turn what might be a small discrepancy into a horse race.
Subscribe to:
Posts (Atom)